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        1 - Hakim Sahba’s Innovative Interpretation of Ibn Arabi’s View of the Seal of Sainthood
        Hossein  Kalbasi Ashtari
        There are some disagreements among the commentators of Ibn Arabi’s works regarding his idea of the seal of saints, and various interpretations have been put forward in this respect. The reason for this variety is that he has introduced different people as the seal of sa More
        There are some disagreements among the commentators of Ibn Arabi’s works regarding his idea of the seal of saints, and various interpretations have been put forward in this respect. The reason for this variety is that he has introduced different people as the seal of sainthood. Among his commentators, only Aqa Mohammad Reza Ghomshei (known as Hakim Sahba, 1234-1306 AH), the theologian philosopher, has succeeded in presenting a reading of Ibn Arabi’s idea of the problem of the seal of sainthood based on an innovative interpretive plan while using a new way of expressing the problem. This interpretation clearly reveals who and what the seal of sainthood is. Hakim Sahba believes that Ibn Arabi considered various applications for the seal of sainthood, and wherever he introduced a specific person as the seal of sainthood, he had a particular application in mind. In Hakim Sahba’s view, Ibn Arabi considered two applications for the seal of sainthood and divided each into two types which are against each other. In the first application, he divided sainthood into absolute and limited ones, and in the second application into general and particular ones. Then he introduced a seal of sainthood for each of these types. By limited, he meant being limited to a name and a limit and, by absolute, he meant being free from any kind of limitation so that the saint would be inclusive of all names, attributes, and essential epiphanies. General sainthood is for all believers; however, particular sainthood is exclusively for Prophet Muhammed (s) and his heirs. Manuscript profile
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        2 - The Relationship between Genetic and Religious Affairs in Theoretical Gnosis
        Reza  Safari Kandsari
        In theoretical gnosis, based on the principle of the oneness of being, it is only the Truth Who is one and from Whom a single entity called the first emanated and Muhammedan truth is emanated. On the other hand, the Divine Names (and their hidden and objective loci of m More
        In theoretical gnosis, based on the principle of the oneness of being, it is only the Truth Who is one and from Whom a single entity called the first emanated and Muhammedan truth is emanated. On the other hand, the Divine Names (and their hidden and objective loci of manifestations) are in conflict with each other because of their limitations, and the name of Allah and His loci of manifestation, the Muhammedan truth, establish balance and order between their names and manifestations. The order and balance among the conflicts of the hidden manifestations of names are established genetically through the fixed essence of the Muhammedan truth, whereas the same is done among the conflicts of objective manifestations through the external essence of the Muhammedan truth in the form of religious laws. The purpose of religious laws is to have people follow the Muhammedan religion in order to free themselves from conflicts and limitations and attain the level of limitlessness. Whenever they attain such a level, they unite with the Muhammedan truth, which is the manifestation locus of the name of God. It is through this union that they can dominate the realm of being and begin the act of creation there with the permission of the Truth and turn into a mediator between the Truth and creation in the same way that God’s Name and the Muhammedan Truth were the mediators between the Truth and creation at the beginning of the creation of existents. Therefore, religious law-making ends in creation. Manuscript profile
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        3 - An Explanation of the Ontological Principles, Genetic Place, and Effects of Mohammedan Truth in the Transcendent Philosophy
        Mahdi Ganjvar Naser Momeni
        The emanation of the First Intellect as the first thing which was created without an intermediary by Almighty Truth is one of the important problems in Islamic philosophy. The First Intellect or the First Emanated in the Transcendent Philosophy is the essence and transc More
        The emanation of the First Intellect as the first thing which was created without an intermediary by Almighty Truth is one of the important problems in Islamic philosophy. The First Intellect or the First Emanated in the Transcendent Philosophy is the essence and transcendent spirit of the Holy Prophet (s) or the same “Mohammedan truth”, which is confirmed based on transmitted proofs and rational principles. Following a descriptive-analytic method, this paper explains the ontological bases of this theory in the Transcendent Philosophy while clarifying its meaning and referents in Islamic philosophy and gnosis. Some of the philosophical fundamental principles upon which the understanding and explanation of Mohammedan truth depends include the principiality of existence, the principle of the One, the principle of the noblest possibility, simplicity of existence or the principle of simple truth, and the principle of the simplicity and diffusion of existence. In the final section of this paper, based on Mulla Sadra’s works, the writers have dealt with the genetic place of Mohammedan truth in the system of being and elaborated on some of the most important effects and ontological blessings of this transcendent truth, such as mediation in divine blessing and mercy, maintaining the basis and order of the world, providing guidance towards the right path and attainment of happiness, and gaining proximity to God and benefitting from His intercession. Manuscript profile
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        4 - An Analysis of the Efficiency of the Theory of Coining Words for the Spirits of Meaning
        Abdollah Mirahmadi Mona Amanipoor
        One of the useful views regarding the expansibility of meaning in the Qur’an is rooted in the theory of “coining words for spirits of meaning”. This view originates in a gnostic principle based on which the vertical levels of the meanings of words have a single spirit t More
        One of the useful views regarding the expansibility of meaning in the Qur’an is rooted in the theory of “coining words for spirits of meaning”. This view originates in a gnostic principle based on which the vertical levels of the meanings of words have a single spirit that applies to all referents in the real sense of the word. Through expanding sensible and material concepts to meta-gnostic meanings, the advocates of the principle of the spirit of meaning maintain that the features originated in the referents of words cannot affect the real meaning because the signified objects of words are general. Accordingly, the truth of words can be applied to all levels of meaning from the level of hidden truth to a lower level which is comprehensible to all. The followers of this theory consider “expanded concept” to be a level of word meaning without rejecting the common understanding of the lexical meanings of words. In this paper, the writers have examined the defects of the theory of the spirit of meaning through an accurate analysis of its nature and extracting its principles from the various interpretations provided by its advocates. The disagreement with predicating predicate adjectives on metaphoric expressions, concentration on objective affairs in word semantics, and lack of attention to new linguistic views are among the most important defects of this theory. Manuscript profile
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        5 - Seyyed Hayadr Amuli’s Response to the Paradox of Non-Existence and Affirmation of the Loci of Manifestations in the Hadith of Truth
        Mohsen  Habibi Ali  Yazdani
        The “Hadith of Truth”, which Kumayl has narrated from Imam Ali (a), contains some sublime points, and on which some prominent figures such as Seyyed Haydar Amuli have written commentaries. When commenting on the first part of the hadith, “al-haqiqah …”, Amuli mentions t More
        The “Hadith of Truth”, which Kumayl has narrated from Imam Ali (a), contains some sublime points, and on which some prominent figures such as Seyyed Haydar Amuli have written commentaries. When commenting on the first part of the hadith, “al-haqiqah …”, Amuli mentions that, according to this hadith, Almighty Truth is manifested in the forms of the loci of manifestations, which are, nevertheless, non-existent. This statement appears paradoxical and, thus, Seyyed Haydar has tried to resolve it. In his view, manifestations and entities are fixed in their non-existence and appear in the name of “divine light”, which is the same existence of Almighty Truth. They are permanently in non-existence, and it is, in fact, the name of the divinely manifested that grants them existence at each moment. Otherwise, if they enjoy continuous existence, granting existence to them would mean the attainment of what they have already attained. In response to this paradoxical affair, Amuli benefits from the allegory of the sea and the wave. He explains that the sea appears in the form of the wave; hence, the wave exists in one respect and does not exist in another one. In this way, Seyyed Haydar tries to remove the paradox involved in the first section of the hadith. Manuscript profile
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        6 - Ibn Sina’s Encounter with Suhrawardi Concerning the Problem of Divine Knowledge and the Rise of a Supreme Wisdom
        Yahya Kabir Hamid Maleki
        Most of the debates on the topic of divine knowledge target Almighty Necessary’s knowledge of what is other than Him. This paper aims to provide an answer to the question of which model of explaining the divine knowledge could not only demonstrate all levels of knowledg More
        Most of the debates on the topic of divine knowledge target Almighty Necessary’s knowledge of what is other than Him. This paper aims to provide an answer to the question of which model of explaining the divine knowledge could not only demonstrate all levels of knowledge for God but also be compatible with His being the Necessary Being. In order to provide an answer to this question, Ibn Sina provides a model with imprinted forms at its center and, in this way, demonstrates God’s acquired knowledge of what is other than Himself. To explain the quality of divine agency, Ibn Sina once more focuses on divine knowledge and, through posing the idea of agency through fore-knowledge, maintains that, the creation of existents is the result of God’s active knowledge of the world and His satisfaction with the best order. However, Suhrawardi challenges the Sinan model in his philosophy. He believes that Ibn Sina’s explanation not only contradicts the simplicity of the essence of Almighty Truth but is also limited to the demonstration of a single faculty for God. Nevertheless, Mulla Sadra criticizes both of them and, based on the principle of simple truth, presents a transcendent explanation regarding the issue which neither suffers from the problem of the subjectivity of the Sinan imprinted forms nor, similar to Suhrawardi’s explanation, is incapable of proving God’s fore-knowledge. He demonstrates that all existents and types of knowledge are included in God’s existence and His knowledge of His Essence. Manuscript profile
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        7 - Human Soul: A Supreme Example of God in the Transcendent Philosophy
        Mojtaba  Afsharpour Mohammad Mehdi  Gorjian Mohsen Qomi
        One of the aspects that has been referred to in the Transcendent Philosophy for attaining the knowledge of God through the knowledge of the soul is that the human soul is a supreme example of God. This means that God has created the human soul similar to Himself in term More
        One of the aspects that has been referred to in the Transcendent Philosophy for attaining the knowledge of God through the knowledge of the soul is that the human soul is a supreme example of God. This means that God has created the human soul similar to Himself in terms of essence, attributes, and acts so that the knowledge of the soul could function as a means of attaining the knowledge of God in these three realms. However, it is noteworthy that God Almighty is pure from a like. Therefore, an example is different from a like. A careful study of Mullā Ṣadrā’s works reveals that he followed this theory seriously and tried his best to grant it a demonstrative nature. However, he never introduced it in a coherent and well-defined manner in a book or a chapter but dealt with its different dimensions in different chapters and works in relation to other discussions. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce this theory and the related interpretations in a coherent form. After some preliminary explanations regarding the Sadrian supreme example theory, this paper examines and analyzes the most important dimensions of the soul as an example of God and the related analyses in order to identify the most significant aspects of this feature of the human soul. Manuscript profile
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        8 - The Relationship of Poetry with Consideration and Truth Based on ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī’s Theory of Mentally-Posited Things
        Jamal Ahmadi Seyyed Mehdi Emami Jume Emami Jume Mohammad Javad  Safian
        In ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī’s view, poetry and mentally-posited perceptions have such a close relationship with each other that he describes such perceptions through using poetic similes, allegories, and metaphors in his book of The Principles of Philosophy and the Method of More
        In ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī’s view, poetry and mentally-posited perceptions have such a close relationship with each other that he describes such perceptions through using poetic similes, allegories, and metaphors in his book of The Principles of Philosophy and the Method of Realism. This study explores the relationship between poetry and mentally-posited perceptions through referring to those works of ‘Allāmah Ṭabāṭabā’ī in which he discusses the theory of mentally-posited things. The significance of this relationship lies in the fact that, by investigating the relationship between these two variables in different philosophical, gnostic, and interpretive works of ‘Allāmah, one can inquire about the relationship of poetry and positedness with fact-itself truth. The findings of this study indicate that mentally-posited things are the same as Man’s poetic view of the world or an eye with which Man can see everything. This poetic world, while being irrational and non-inferential, can speak of truth through allusions. Accordingly, it can be claimed that the theory of mentally-posited perceptions in Islamic philosophy has opened a new window to attaining the knowledge of truth. Manuscript profile